资源
中世纪西非伊斯兰史时间线:加纳、马里、桑海与廷巴克图
以史料为基础梳理中世纪西非伊斯兰史,从跨撒哈拉贸易和早期穆斯林社群,到马里、桑海以及廷巴克图的学术传统。
数据更新 2026年7月11日 18:56West African historyMali EmpireSonghai EmpireTimbuktu manuscriptshistorical sources

覆盖时期
c. 8th-17th centuries
重要节点
28
整理方法
如何阅读史料
最后复核
11 July 2026
以史料为基础梳理中世纪西非伊斯兰史,从跨撒哈拉贸易和早期穆斯林社群,到马里、桑海以及廷巴克图的学术传统。
请把《古兰经》原文、较晚汇编的穆斯林传述与现代学术分析分开。约数日期或路线不能被写成虚假的精确结论。
简要时间线
以史料为基础梳理中世纪西非伊斯兰史,从跨撒哈拉贸易和早期穆斯林社群,到马里、桑海以及廷巴克图的学术传统。
- 早期贸易与穆斯林社群
- 马里帝国:13至14世纪
- 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪
- 政治分裂与手稿传统延续
如何阅读史料
请把《古兰经》原文、较晚汇编的穆斯林传述与现代学术分析分开。约数日期或路线不能被写成虚假的精确结论。
伊斯兰历史重要事件 - 早期贸易与穆斯林社群
请把《古兰经》原文、较晚汇编的穆斯林传述与现代学术分析分开。约数日期或路线不能被写成虚假的精确结论。
| 日期 | 事件 | 历史背景 | 史料类型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7th-8th centuries | Muslim North Africa connects with Saharan exchange | 早期贸易与穆斯林社群 | Arabic geography, archaeology and modern synthesis |
| c. 8th-10th centuries | Muslim merchants and communities grow in Sahelian trade towns | 早期贸易与穆斯林社群 | Arabic geographies, archaeology, inscriptions and trade evidence |
| c. 10th-11th centuries | Kumbi Saleh includes a mosque-rich merchant quarter | 早期贸易与穆斯林社群 | Archaeology plus external Arabic descriptions |
| 11th century | Takrur and other rulers adopt or patronize Islam | 早期贸易与穆斯林社群 | Arabic geographies and later historical synthesis |
| c. 1070s | Conflict and change around Ghana and Awdaghust | 早期贸易与穆斯林社群 | Later texts, archaeology and contested modern interpretation |
| 11th-12th centuries | Muslim rulers and inscriptions appear around Gao | 早期贸易与穆斯林社群 | Arabic texts, Arabic inscriptions and archaeology |
伊斯兰历史重要事件 - 马里帝国:13至14世纪
请把《古兰经》原文、较晚汇编的穆斯林传述与现代学术分析分开。约数日期或路线不能被写成虚假的精确结论。
| 日期 | 事件 | 历史背景 | 史料类型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1230s, conventional | Sunjata and the formation of Mali | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Living oral tradition, later Arabic writing and archaeology |
| 13th century | Mali expands across Mande and former Ghana-linked networks | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Arabic synthesis, oral tradition and material evidence |
| c. 1280s | Mansa Sakura performs the hajj | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Arabic ruler and pilgrimage traditions |
| c. 1312 | Mansa Musa begins his reign | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Arabic dynastic reconstruction; exact date approximate |
| 724-725 AH / 1324-1325 | Mansa Musa performs the hajj | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Near-contemporary reported accounts and later chronicles |
| 1320s-1330s | Mosque patronage traditions at Gao and Timbuktu | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Heritage records, architecture and later historical tradition |
| 1352-1353 | Ibn Battuta travels through Mali | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Direct traveler narrative with authorial viewpoint |
| 1375 | Catalan Atlas depicts the king of Mali with gold | 马里帝国:13至14世纪 | Surviving European map and art-historical analysis |
伊斯兰历史重要事件 - 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪
请把《古兰经》原文、较晚汇编的穆斯林传述与现代学术分析分开。约数日期或路线不能被写成虚假的精确结论。
| 日期 | 事件 | 历史背景 | 史料类型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14th-15th centuries | Timbuktu's manuscript and teaching networks expand | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | Manuscripts, architecture, chronicles and library histories |
| c. 1400 | Sidi Yahia Mosque tradition begins | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | UNESCO heritage record and local tradition |
| 15th century | Mali's eastern authority contracts | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | Arabic chronicles and modern political synthesis |
| c. 1430s | Tuareg control Timbuktu | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | Chronicle traditions and modern synthesis |
| 1464-1468 | Sonni Ali expands Songhai and takes Timbuktu | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | West African chronicles and later historical analysis |
| 1493 | Askia Muhammad establishes a new Songhai dynasty | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | Chronicles, inscriptions, heritage and modern synthesis |
| 1495 | Tomb of Askia constructed at Gao | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | UNESCO heritage record and material fabric |
| 1496-1497, conventional | Askia Muhammad performs the hajj | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | Chronicle and pilgrimage traditions |
| 15th-16th centuries | Timbuktu's major scholarly period | 桑海与廷巴克图:15至16世纪 | Manuscripts, chronicles, architecture and UNESCO synthesis |
伊斯兰历史重要事件 - 政治分裂与手稿传统延续
请把《古兰经》原文、较晚汇编的穆斯林传述与现代学术分析分开。约数日期或路线不能被写成虚假的精确结论。
| 日期 | 事件 | 历史背景 | 史料类型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1591 | Moroccan invasion breaks Songhai imperial power | 政治分裂与手稿传统延续 | Moroccan and West African chronicles plus modern synthesis |
| 1590s-17th century | Regional states and Arma administration replace one Songhai center | 政治分裂与手稿传统延续 | Chronicles, documents and material evidence |
| c. 1655-1656 | Al-Sadi composes Tarikh al-Sudan | 政治分裂与手稿传统延续 | Surviving chronicle manuscripts and textual study |
| 17th-18th centuries | Manuscript copying and scholarship continue | 政治分裂与手稿传统延续 | Cataloged manuscripts and family collections |
| Modern preservation era | Families, Malian institutions and partners catalog and conserve manuscripts | 政治分裂与手稿传统延续 | Library catalogs, UNESCO programs and collection records |
常见问题
这条时间线是否完整?
不是。它用于定位时期,并引导读者进入更深入的区域史和专题研究。
传统记载中的日期都精确吗?
不是。约数日期、后世传述和现代可核记录会分别标明。
为什么同时使用公元和伊历?
公元便于跨区域比较,伊历有助于保留伊斯兰阴历纪年语境。
相关阅读
来源
- UNESCO: General History of Africa
- UNESCO General History of Africa IV
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Sahel, art and empires
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art: The trans-Saharan gold trade
- British Museum: African kingdoms timeline
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Old Towns of Djenne
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Timbuktu
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Tomb of Askia
- Library of Congress: Timbuktu manuscript overview
- Cambridge Core: Kings of Mali
- Cambridge Core: Mansa Musa's pilgrimage
- Oxford Academic: Islamic scholarship in West Africa before 1800
语言
- الخط الزمني للإسلام في غرب أفريقيا الوسيط: غانا ومالي وصنغاي وتمبكتو
- মধ্যযুগীয় পশ্চিম আফ্রিকায় ইসলামের সময়রেখা: ঘানা, মালি, সঙ্ঘাই ও টিমবুকটু
- Cronologia de l'islam a l'Àfrica occidental medieval: Ghana, Mali, Songhai i Tombuctú
- Časová osa islámu ve středověké západní Africe: Ghana, Mali, Songhaj a Timbuktu
- Tidslinje for islam i middelalderens Vestafrika: Ghana, Mali, Songhai og Timbuktu
- Zeitleiste des Islam im mittelalterlichen Westafrika: Ghana, Mali, Songhai und Timbuktu
- Χρονολόγιο του Ισλάμ στη μεσαιωνική Δυτική Αφρική: Γκάνα, Μάλι, Σονγκάι και Τιμπουκτού
- Islam in Medieval West Africa Timeline: Ghana, Mali, Songhai and Timbuktu
- Cronología del islam en el África occidental medieval: Ghana, Malí, Songhai y Tombuctú
- Islam keskiajan Länsi-Afrikassa: Ghanan, Malin, Songhain ja Timbuktun aikajana
- Chronologie de l'islam en Afrique de l'Ouest médiévale : Ghana, Mali, Songhaï et Tombouctou
- Linimasa Islam di Afrika Barat abad pertengahan: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, dan Timbuktu
- Cronologia dell'islam nell'Africa occidentale medievale: Ghana, Mali, Songhai e Timbuctù
- 中世西アフリカのイスラム史年表:ガーナ、マリ、ソンガイ、トンブクトゥ
- 중세 서아프리카 이슬람 역사 연표: 가나, 말리, 송가이와 팀북투
- Garis masa Islam di Afrika Barat zaman pertengahan: Ghana, Mali, Songhai dan Timbuktu
- Tijdlijn van de islam in middeleeuws West-Afrika: Ghana, Mali, Songhai en Timboektoe
- Tidslinje for islam i middelalderens Vest-Afrika: Ghana, Mali, Songhai og Timbuktu
- Oś czasu islamu w średniowiecznej Afryce Zachodniej: Ghana, Mali, Songhaj i Timbuktu
- Cronologia do islão na África Ocidental medieval: Gana, Mali, Songhai e Tombuctu
- Хронология ислама в средневековой Западной Африке: Гана, Мали, Сонгай и Томбукту
- Časová os islamu v stredovekej západnej Afrike: Ghana, Mali, Songhaj a Timbuktu
- Tidslinje över islam i medeltidens Västafrika: Ghana, Mali, Songhai och Timbuktu
- เส้นเวลาอิสลามในแอฟริกาตะวันตกยุคกลาง: กานา มาลี ซองไฮ และทิมบักตู
- Ortaçağ Batı Afrika'sında İslam zaman çizelgesi: Gana, Mali, Songhay ve Timbuktu
- ئوتتۇرا ئەسىر غەربىي ئافرىقىدىكى ئىسلام ۋاقىت جەدۋىلى: گانا، مالى، سونغاي ۋە تىمبۇكتۇ
- Dòng thời gian Hồi giáo Tây Phi trung đại: Ghana, Mali, Songhai và Timbuktu
- 中世纪西非伊斯兰史时间线:加纳、马里、桑海与廷巴克图
- 中世紀西非伊斯蘭史時間線:加納、馬里、桑海與廷巴克圖
- 中世紀西非伊斯蘭歷史時間軸:迦納、馬利、桑海與廷巴克圖